Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2019

It has been clarified that deformation and annealing of martensite starting structure can produce ultrafine-grained structure in low carbon steel.  This study aims to investigate the texture evolution and mechanical properties of samples with martensite structure deformed by two different forging processes. The martensitic steel samples were forged by plane strain compression and multi-directional forging up to the same true strain of 2.  All samples were then annealed at 450 and 550°C for 30 min.  It was found that the active slip systems in the BCT crystalline structure of martensite acted like ferrite steel. After the multi-directional forging of martensitic steel, the yield and ultimate strength greatly increased to 1278 and 1658 MPa, respectively. During annealing, in the plane strain compressed sample, the "oriented nucleation" and in the multi-directional forged specimen, the "selective growth" theory was dominant.

The electric arc furnace (EAF) is used to produce high quality steel from steel scraps. The EAF uses plasma arc to generate heat for melting scarp or direct reduced iron (DRI). The liquid metal should be drained from the tap hole. Manual tapping operation of the EAF in the hot environment around the furnace is a potentially dangerous and time consuming task for the workers. Therefore, it is essential to open the tap hole with Automated/robotic oxygen lancing. This study was aimed to design a robot manipulator with five degrees of freedom and revolute joints for opening the tap hole of an electrical arc furnace. The geometrical model of the robot was designed in Solid works software according to real work place and its expected path and obstacles. Direct and reverse kinematic equations were obtained using link parameters (Denawit–Hartenberg) and link transforms. The Newton-Euler approach was employed to derive the dynamic equations and the resultant joint torques.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of objects is one of the key elements in production processes. Stereo vision is one of the robost techniques in this field. Accuracy of the reconstruction is influenced by several parameters that mainly determined through the calibration process. Besides, symetring of two accquired images effects on the accuracy. In the present research, a three-dimensional model reconstruction system based on stereo vision technique included a camera, a robot, a lightening system, a cubic object, and IMAQ Image Processing and LabVIEW Softwares. The inactive stereo vision was considered such that the images were acquired by the same camera in two different positions. The cuboid model was implemented after camera calibration. The corners of the object were considered to remove the symmetry problems. After comparing the dimensions of the reconstructed model with those of real objects, the maximum error value of the system was obtained as 0.75 mm and the error variance as 0.09 mm.

Normal lubricants such as petroleum, coals or natural gases are limited and will keep depleting due to high fuel consumption all over the world; so nano-lubricants can be considered as the alternatives.  In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were mixed with biodiesel-diesel blends to evaluate the wear properties of the mixture by 4-ball wear tribo-tester. CuO nanoparticles (25, 50 and 75 ppm) were dispersed in B10, B20, and B50 blends. The results showed that with increasing the CuO nanoparticle fraction up to 50 ppm in the fuel blend, the wear scar diameter (WSD) decreased. Also, the results indicated that using copper oxide nanoparticles with a dosage of 75 ppm in the fuel blend causes a higher WSD compared with 50 ppm dosage. Based on the results, the scratches and roughness on the surface also decreased with an increase of biodiesel concentration and addition of nanoparticles up to 50 ppm in the fuel mixture.

In the two past decades, powerful and highly user-friendly software has been introduced to modeling organizational processes. With some of this software, you can easily draw the sequences of business activities and processes in different organizations and industries to visualize the organization as a whole. On the other hand, the emphasis on the process approach at ISO 9001: 2000, and in particular at ISO 9001: 2015, has made process map extraction as an important issue for organizations. One of the best tools for the extraction of process maps is the IDEF0 standard, which allows you to extract organizational processes maps in fine detail, thereby displaying organizational processes as a whole. iGraf IDEF0 is one of the best software for modeling processes according to the IDEF standard. This article will describe how to extract the organizational process map in a production engineering company to implement ISO9001: 2015. Extracting these process maps plays a key role in institutionalizing the process approach in people.

In this research, the production of multi-products using one machine is investigated in continuous time. The machine has limited capacity and can produce only one product at any time. To change the product, the machine should be set up. Due to the difference in demand for products, there is no need to equate the number of machine start-ups for these products, by removing this constraint, a nonlinear mathematical model is presented that gives the optimal production lot size for each product. To solve the single-constraint nonlinear model, the Lagrange method is used. For a numerical example, the obtained solution is compared with the method of rotating a constant cycle. Due to the total cost, the solution was better than the solution of the rotation cycle method. Also, contrary to the rotation cycle method, the total holding cost is equal to the total setup costs, which is similar to the Wilson inventory basic formula.